Figure 2

AChR agonists inhibited hepatic IR-induced changes in plasma ALT levels. Mice were pretreated with vehicle (i.e. normal saline), DMPP (1 mg/kg), or nicotine (1 mg/kg), prior to the onset of ischemia (90 min), followed by 3, 6, and 24 h of reperfusion (IR). Nicotine or DMPP treatment was administered 15 min prior to the onset of ischemia and repeated after 3 and 6 h of reperfusion. Sham animals received the same pretreatment as the IR group, followed by sham operation (n = 3 mice each group). "Control" group represents mice that received no drug treatment, and no surgical operation of IR/sham protocol was performed (n = 3 mice). Values are expressed as means ± SEM of n = 8 to 13 mice per saline or DMPP group, and n = 4–8 per nicotine group.+ P < 0.05, IR group vs. sham-operated group. * P < 0.05, Saline-treated IR group vs. DMPP-or nicotine-treated IR group.