Table 1 Clinical and pathological characteristics of patients with primary Burkitt lymphoma of the thyroid gland in the literature
Author | Age (year) | Sex | Clinical presentation | Size of tumor (cm) | Histology | Translocation type | Treatment | Follow-up time (month) | Evolution |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Our case | 70 | M | Rapidly expanding mass of the neck associated with airway compression symptoms | 10.5 | Burkitt lymphoma | t (8; 14) | chemotherapy according to the LMBA02 protocol; with a first course of COP and intrathecal Methotrexate, followed by a course of R-COPADEM. | Patient died | The patient died of septic shock, 2 weeks after the first cycle of chemotherapy |
Camera et al. [2010] [1] | 56 | M | Incidental discovery of a large left thyroid lobe nodule on CT | 4.9 | Burkitt-like large B–cell lymphoma | Left lobe thyroidectomy. After diagnosis, The patient was treated with 8 cycles of intensive chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicine, and dexamethasone) | 1 | Reduction of all lesions with improvement of symptoms. | |
Kalinyak et al. [2006] [2] | 53 | M | Tracheal compressive symptoms from a rapidly expanding thyroid mass | 6 | Burkitt lymphoma | Rituxan and CHOP therapy, changed to hyper-CVAD-R chemotherapy. The patient also received a single dose of intrathecal methotrexate | 27 | Patient free of disease after end of treatment | |
Kandil et al. [2012] [10] | 60 | F | Rapidly expanding thyroid mass with airway compression and difficulty in swallowing | 8.7 | Burkitt-like lymphoma (B-cell lymphoma, unclassifiable) | Rituximab, Cyclophosphamide, Mensa, Vincristine and Doxorubicin | Successfully treated with 1 cycle of appropriate therapeutic chemotherapy | ||
Cooper et al. [2014] [14] | 14 | M | Large predominantly left-sided firm thyroid swelling, with a 3-month history of malaise, lethargy, and weight loss | 6.7 | Burkitt lymphoma | t (8; 14) | COP and prednisolone followed by 2 courses of COPADM, prednisolone and two courses of CYM chemotherapy. This was accompanied by intrathecal chemotherapy | 36 | Disease free 3 years after end of treatment |
Yildiz et al. [2012] [22] | 31 | M | Rapidly enlarging mass on the fore neck | 4 | Burkitt lymphoma | R-Hyper-CVAD therapy | 6 | PET-CT scans performed after chemotherapy and at the 6-month follow-up were normal | |
Mweempwa et al. [2013] [24] | 58 | F | Background of benign goiter presented with a rapidly enlarging thyroid mass, causing dysphagia and dyspnea | 8 | Burkitt lymphoma | t (8; 14) | Modified Magrath protocol for Burkitt’s lymphoma, low risk disease, which involved having 3 cycles of R-CODOX-M | 4 | Complete resolution of the tumour mass, 4 weeks after end of treatment |
Liying et al. [2014] [30] | 8 | M | Mass in the right anterior neck with difficulty in swallowing | 4 | Burkitt lymphoma | t (8; 14) | Right lobe thyroidectomy. After diagnosis, the patient underwent alternate R-B-NHL-BFM-90-A and R-B-NHL-BFM-90-B treatment, for 4 cycles each | 48 | After 4 years of follow-up, the patient appears well and remains free of disease |