Comparison of metabolic ratios of urinary estrogens between benign and malignant thyroid tumors in postmenopausal women

Table 1 Urinary estrogen concentrations associated with benign tumors and malignant Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas (PTCs) in the postmenopausal women

Compounds (trivial name)	Benign tumor (a) (n = 9)	Malignant PTCs			P-value²
Compounds (trivial name)	Benign tumor (a) (n = 9)	Stage I (b) (n = 11)	Stage III/IV (C) (n = 7)	P-value¹	a vs. b	a vs. c	b vs. c
Estrone (E1)	12.1 ± 11.3	2.9 ± 2.3	5.0 ± 6.5	0.053	0.020	0.091	0.791
17β-estradiol (E2)	0.8 ± 0.6	0.4 ± 0.2	1.1 ± 1.3	0.416
Estriol (E3)	1.7 ± 1.7	1.9 ± 1.7	6.2 ± 6.7	0.146
2-hydroxyestrone (2-OH-E1)	2.2 ± 3.5	0.3 ± 0.3	0.7 ± 1.2	0.073
2-hydroxy-17β-estradiol (2-OH-E2)	0.5 ± 0.4	0.1 ± 0.1	0.3 ± 0.2	0.052	0.031	0.536	0.085
4-hydroxyestrone (4-OH-E1)	0.6 ± 0.5	0.3 ± 0.3	0.4 ± 0.4	0.558
4-hydroxy-17β-estradiol (4-OH-E2)	0.5 ± 0.4	0.1 ± 0.1	0.2 ± 0.1	0.182
2-methoxyestrone (2-MeO-E1)	1.6 ± 1.7	0.5 ± 0.4	0.6 ± 0.6	0.108
2-methoxy-17β-estradiol (2-MeO-E2)	1.4 ± 1.1	0.4 ± 0.3	0.6 ± 0.4	0.034	0.012	0.114	0.285
4-methoxyestrone (4-MeO-E1)	0.6 ± 0.8	0.1 ± 0.1	0.2 ± 0.4	0.011	0.004	0.174	0.179
4-methoxy-17β-estradiol (4-MeO-E2)	0.3 ± 0.7	0.1 ± 0.1	0.2 ± 0.2	0.104
17-epiestriol (17-epi-E3)	0.3 ± 0.3	0.1 ± 0.1	0.1 ± 0.1	0.029	0.016	0.142	0.425
16-epiestriol (16-epi-E3)	0.7 ± 0.9	0.3 ± 0.2	0.9 ± 1.0	0.589
16α-hydroxyestrone (16α-OH-E1)	0.9 ± 0.7	0.6 ± 0.6	0.8 ± 0.8	0.462
16-keto-17β-estradiol (16-keto-E2)	0.7 ± 0.9	0.6 ± 0.6	0.7 ± 1.0	0.803

Concentrations are expressed as ng/mg of creatinine (mean ± SD).
Statistical significance was determined by a nonparametric ¹Kruskal-Wallis and ²Mann-Whitney U test to evaluate possible differences in the diagnostic factors.
The significant estrogens with P < 0.05 in a Kruskal-Wallis test were then compared with the Mann–Whitney U test results between 2 groups, including benign versus stage I PTC (a vs. b), benign versus stage III/IV PTC (a vs. c), and stage I versus stage III/IV PTC (b vs. c). A Bonferroni correction was applied to the post hoc analysis of the between-group comparisons performed for each variable and to set the significance level at 0.017.

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